What are the Symptoms of Codeine Withdrawal?

In the UK, codeine dependence affects more people than you might think. Over 4,000 individuals were in structured drug treatment programmes for it in 2013/2014 alone.
Recognising the symptoms of codeine withdrawal can make all the difference in offering timely support and encouraging professional help. This article explores the codeine withdrawal symptoms so you can assist your loved ones during their journey to recovery.

What is Codeine Commonly Prescribed For?

Codeine is an opioid painkiller doctors commonly prescribe to manage moderate to severe pain. It is often recommended when over-the-counter pain relievers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen fail to provide sufficient relief. For example, patients recovering from surgeries or serious injuries may be given codeine to reduce discomfort and help them manage their recovery. It’s also frequently used for people with chronic pain conditions who need a stronger pain relief solution.

Codeine works by targeting the brain and central nervous system blocking pain signals from being sent to the rest of the body. This, in turn, reduces the sensation of pain. In some cases, codeine also helps alleviate the emotional stress and anxiety that often accompany pain.

Aside from pain management, codeine is sometimes prescribed to treat severe diarrhoea by slowing down bowel movement and preventing dehydration.

Codeine is available in several forms. It can be taken as tablets, liquids or syrups. In hospital settings, it’s sometimes administered through injection.

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What Happens When You Stop Taking Codeine?

When someone becomes dependent on codeine, the body goes through significant adjustments as it tries to function without the drug. Suddenly stopping can be a shock to the system. The brain struggles to regulate pain and mood on its own.
Quitting codeine without medical supervision can be overwhelming—both physically and mentally. A gradual dose reduction and supervised detox can help make the process more manageable.

Symptoms of Codeine Withdrawal

Codeine withdrawal can affect both the body and mind. Physical symptoms such as muscle aches, nausea and fever may occur. Psychological symptoms like anxiety and irritability are also common. In severe cases, individuals may experience suicidal thoughts or psychosis.

PHYSICAL

PSYCHOLOGICAL

Runny nose and sneezing
Watery eyes
Aching muscles
Nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting
Fever
High blood pressure
Irregular breathing
Stomach cramps
Shaking
Sweating

Anxiety and restlessness
Irritability
Mood swings
Apathy
Confusion
Concentration loss
Insomnia
Appetite loss
Decreased libido

Physical Symptoms

When someone stops taking codeine, they may experience initial symptoms such as a runny nose, chills and muscle aches. Then, more severe symptoms eventually manifest. Insomnia often becomes a daily struggle. Fever and high blood pressure can also develop putting additional strain on the body.
Stomach cramps may become more intense Some individuals may experience nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea.

Psychological Symptoms

Withdrawal from codeine can have psychological effects. People may feel anxious, irritable, and restless. This can make it difficult to navigate daily life and strain relationships.
In severe cases, individuals may experience psychological symptoms such as persistent suicidal thoughts, loss of touch with reality (psychosis), and irrational beliefs or suspicions (paranoid delusions). These symptoms necessitate immediate professional intervention and support.

How Long Does Codeine Withdrawal Typically Last?

The duration of withdrawal varies depending on the individual and their detox method. Physical symptoms usually begin within hours of the last dose and typically peak around 3 to 5 days. The most severe symptoms may persist for about a week.

After two weeks, many physical symptoms subside. However, psychological symptoms like cravings, anxiety, and depression can linger for months or even years.

Quitting abruptly can shorten the timeline, but a gradual tapering process is generally recommended for a safer and more manageable withdrawal experience.

Treatments for Codeine Addiction

Detox and rehab are two key treatment options. Detox is a crucial first step in the recovery journey. Rehab then helps address the psychological aspects of addiction. Both are required for long-term success.

Medical Detox

The first step to recovery is medical detox, wherein the patient is supervised in a professional health facility. The medical staff monitors the individual’s physical and psychological state and provides medications where necessary to ease discomfort and prevent complications.

There are two main methods of detox. One is quitting “cold turkey” wherein the patient immediately stops codeine use. While this accelerates the process, it can be physically and mentally demanding. Therefore, it should never be attempted without medical supervision.

Next is tapering off codeine, wherein the dosage is reduced over time. This allows a safe and effective transition, minimising withdrawal symptoms and gives the body a chance to adjust more comfortably. The attending physician may also prescribe alternative medications such as methadone or Suboxone to help manage cravings during this process.

Medical detox can last anywhere from a few days to several weeks—depending on the severity of the addiction. But keep in mind, detox is not a “cure”. It simply helps clear the drug from the body.

This is where further treatment comes in such as rehab and counselling. These address the underlying cause of addiction and prevent relapse in the long run.

Rehab and Counselling

Rehab provides essential support beyond detox by offering a structured environment where individuals can address the underlying causes of their addiction. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a commonly used approach wherein individuals identify and change the negative thought patterns that contribute to their addiction.
Counselling offers a secure environment for individuals to delve into their emotions and build coping strategies for the future. This can be done in either individual or group settings.
Family therapy is also a key component of many rehab programmes. It helps create a supportive network beyond the treatment facility. This makes long-term recovery more attainable.
However, rehab shouldn’t stop when the patient leaves the facility. Aftercare is essential for ensuring long-term success and helping individuals maintain their sobriety.
Ongoing therapy and regular counselling sessions are vital for patients to address any remaining issues after rehab. These reinforce coping strategies and provide a space to discuss challenges or setbacks.
Support groups offer a sense of community and accountability. This is vital for those transitioning back into everyday life.
Outpatient programmes are advisable for those who do not require intensive treatment but still need regular support. Here patients can receive ongoing care while balancing daily responsibilities.
Finally, mastering the art of handling cravings and steering clear of triggers is essential for maintaining progress on the road to recovery. Techniques such as mindfulness, stress management and cognitive-behavioural strategies are commonly taught to help individuals cope with cravings.

How to Choose the Right Treatment

The right environment and professional support can make all the difference in helping your loved one recover from addiction. Here are the things you should consider when looking for a treatment facility.

Accreditation and Licensing

Make sure the facility you choose is recognised by relevant health authorities. Accreditation ensures that the centre meets high standards for medical care, therapy and safety.

Personalised Treatment Plans

Every experience with addiction is unique; so should their treatment. You should go with a facility that offers personalised treatment plans. Their process should involve a comprehensive initial evaluation that considers the severity of the addiction, medical history and any co-occurring mental health issues.

Holistic and Therapeutic Options

Many treatment centres now offer holistic approaches that focus on healing both the mind and body. Yoga, art therapy and mindfulness are examples of holistic treatments that can complement medical detox and counselling.

Staff Credentials and Experience

You should take the time to research the credentials of the doctors, nurses and therapists who will be involved. Experienced professionals will be better equipped to manage the challenges of withdrawal and addiction.

Aftercare Support

It’s important for the facility to have a thorough aftercare plan. Find a centre with a strong focus on relapse prevention and offering ongoing support is best for long-term success. Inquire about their post-treatment programmes and available support groups.

FAQs about Codeine Addiction and Withdrawal

What are the side effects of codeine?

The most common side effects include drowsiness, nausea and constipation. Some people may also experience dizziness, dry mouth or difficulty concentrating. Long-term use or higher doses can lead to more severe effects like shallow breathing, low blood pressure and confusion. Tolerance can also develop.

How long should you be on codeine?

Codeine is mostly prescribed for short-term use and should be taken only for a few days. If pain persists, alternative treatments should be advised. Doctors will generally provide a plan to reduce the dosage if the patient is required to take codeine for an extended period.

What can I use instead of codeine?

Consider trying non-opioid painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen as alternatives. For more severe pain, non-addictive medications such as certain antidepressants or anticonvulsants may be prescribed to help manage chronic pain.In some cases, physical therapy or holistic treatments like acupuncture can also be beneficial. Make sure to consult your doctor to find a safer alternative for your specific pain management needs.

How do I know if I'm addicted to codeine?

If you find yourself needing higher doses for the same effect, experiencing withdrawal symptoms or if you’re using outside prescription guidelines, it's time to seek professional help.

Seeking Professional Help for Safe Recovery

Codeine withdrawal is a challenging process. But with the right support and supervision, recovery is possible. At Help 4 Addiction, we offer expert guidance to various rehab options around the UK. For a free consultation or to get rehab prices, contact us today.

About Author

Nicholas Conn

Nicholas Conn is a leading industry addiction expert who runs the UK’s largest addiction advisory service and is regularly featured in the national press, radio and TV. He is the founder and CEO of a drug and alcohol rehab center called Help4addiction, which was founded in 2015. He has been clean himself since 2009 and has worked in the Addiction and Rehab Industry for over a decade. Nick is dedicated to helping others recover and get treatment for drug and alcohol abuse. In 2013, he released a book ‘The Thin White’ line that is available on Amazon.

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